Diffusion models like OpenAI’s DALL-E are becoming increasingly useful in helping brainstorm new designs. Humans can prompt these systems to generate an image, create a video, or refine a blueprint, and come back with ideas they hadn’t considered before.

But did you know that generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) models are also making headway in creating working robots? Recent diffusion-based approaches have generated structures and the systems that control them from scratch. With or without a user’s input, these models can make new designs and then evaluate them in simulation before they’re fabricated.

A new approach from MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) applies this generative know-how toward improving humans’ robotic designs. Users can draft a 3D model of a robot and specify which parts they’d like to see a diffusion model modify, providing its dimensions beforehand. GenAI then brainstorms the optimal shape for these areas and tests its ideas in simulation. When the system finds the right design, you can save and then fabricate a working, real-world robot with a 3D printer, without requiring additional tweaks.

The researchers used this approach to create a robot that leaps up an average of roughly 2 feet, or 41 percent higher than a similar machine they created on their own. The machines are nearly identical in appearance: They’re both made of a type of plastic called polylactic acid, and while they initially appear flat, they spring up into a diamond shape when a motor pulls on the cord attached to them. So what exactly did AI do differently?

A closer look reveals that the AI-generated linkages are curved, and resemble thick drumsticks (the musical instrument drummers use), whereas the standard robot’s connecting parts are straight and rectangular.